Past ability and obligation: could, was able to, had to

Geçmişte yetenek ve zorunluluk · B1 Orta öncesi seviye İngilizce dilbilgisi

Geçmişte yetenek: could ve was able to

Geçmişteki genel bir yeteneği anlatmak için could kullanılır: I could swim when I was five. Ama tek bir durumda zorlukla başarılan bir şeyi anlatırken could değil, was / were able to (ya da managed to) kullanılır.

Durum	Doğru yapı	Örnek
genel yetenek	could / was able to	She could speak three languages.
tek seferlik başarı	was able to / managed to	The fire was big, but everyone was able to escape.
olumsuz (her ikisi)	couldn't / wasn't able to	I couldn't find my keys.

Geçmişte zorunluluk: had to

must'ın geçmişi yoktur; geçmişteki zorunluluk had to ile anlatılır: I had to work late yesterday. Olumsuz: didn't have to (gerek yoktu): We didn't have to pay. Soru: Did you have to wait?

will be able to

can'ın gelecek ve perfect biçimi yoktur; bunun yerine be able to: I'll be able to help you tomorrow. I haven't been able to sleep.

Türkçeden farkı: Türkçede "yapabildim" her durumda kullanılır. İngilizcede tek bir başarı için "I could" doğal değildir; "I was able to / I managed to" denir. Olumsuzda ise fark yoktur: "I couldn't" her zaman doğrudur.

Sık yapılan hatalar

Yanlış	Doğru	Neden
I musted leave early.	I had to leave early.	Geçmiş: had to.
Finally I could open the door. (tek sefer)	Finally I was able to open the door.	Tek seferlik başarı.
I have could finish.	I have been able to finish.	can'ın perfect'i yok.

Kendini dene

When I was young, I ___ run very fast.

Seçenekler: could / managed to

Cevap: could. Genel yetenek.

The exam was difficult, but I ___ pass it.

Seçenekler: could / was able to

Cevap: was able to. Tek seferlik başarı.

My grandfather ___ play the violin very well.

Seçenekler: could / managed to

Cevap: could. Genel yetenek.

After three hours, the firefighters ___ put out the fire.

Seçenekler: could / were able to

Cevap: were able to. Tek seferlik başarı.

We ___ wait long. The doctor saw us immediately.

Seçenekler: didn't have to / mustn't / couldn't

Cevap: didn't have to. Gerek yoktu.

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