Reported speech: statements
Dolaylı anlatım: cümleler · B1 Orta öncesi seviye İngilizce dilbilgisi
Birinin sözünü aktarmak
Dolaylı anlatımda (reported speech) birinin söylediğini tırnak işareti kullanmadan aktarırız. En sık kullanılan fiiller say ve tell'dir. say + (that) + cümle; tell + kişi + (that) + cümle.
- "I'm tired." → She said (that) she was tired."Yorgunum." → Yorgun olduğunu söyledi.
- "I live in Izmir." → He told me he lived in Izmir."İzmir'de yaşıyorum." → Bana İzmir'de yaşadığını söyledi.
Zaman kayması
Aktarma fiili geçmiş zamandaysa (said, told), aktarılan cümlenin zamanı genellikle bir adım geriye kayar.
| Doğrudan | Dolaylı |
|---|---|
| present simple: "I work." | past simple: he worked |
| present continuous: "I'm working." | past continuous: he was working |
| present perfect / past simple: "I've finished." / "I finished." | past perfect: he had finished |
| will: "I'll help." | would: he would help |
| can: "I can swim." | could: he could swim |
| must: "I must go." | had to: he had to go |
Zaman ve yer ifadeleri
| Doğrudan | Dolaylı |
|---|---|
| now | then |
| today | that day |
| tomorrow | the next day / the following day |
| yesterday | the day before / the previous day |
| here | there |
| this | that |
Söylenen şey hâlâ doğruysa zaman kaydırmak zorunlu değildir: "I live in Ankara." → He said he lives / lived in Ankara.
Sık yapılan hatalar
| Yanlış | Doğru | Neden |
|---|---|---|
| He said me he was ill. | He told me he was ill. | Kişi: told me. |
| She told that she was busy. | She said that she was busy. | Kişi yoksa: said. |
| He said he will come. | He said he would come. | will → would. |
Kendini dene
She ___ me that she was busy.
Seçenekler: said / told
Cevap: told. Kişi varsa: told me.
He ___ that he would call.
Seçenekler: said / told
Cevap: said. Kişi yoksa: said.
"I am hungry." → He said he ___ hungry.
Seçenekler: is / was / has been
Cevap: was. am → was.
"We can help." → They said they ___ help.
Seçenekler: can / could / will
Cevap: could. can → could.
"I saw the film." → She said she ___ the film.
Seçenekler: saw / had seen / has seen
Cevap: had seen. past → past perfect.
Bu konunun bütün alıştırmaları, aralıklı tekrarı ve ilerleme takibi uygulamada.
Alıştırmaları çöz