Nominalisation

İsimleştirme · C1 İleri seviye İngilizce dilbilgisi

İsimleştirme nedir?

İsimleştirme (nominalisation), fiil ve sıfatları isme dönüştürerek cümleyi daha soyut, nesnel ve resmî hâle getirmektir. Akademik ve resmî yazının temel özelliğidir.

Fiil / sıfat odaklı (gündelik)	İsim odaklı (resmî)
The government decided to raise taxes, which surprised many people.	The government's decision to raise taxes came as a surprise to many.
Prices increased rapidly.	There was a rapid increase in prices.
If you don't pay, we will take legal action.	Failure to pay will result in legal action.
Because the weather was bad, the match was cancelled.	Owing to bad weather, the match was cancelled.

İsim yapım ekleri

Ek	Örnekler
-tion / -sion	decide → decision, introduce → introduction, reduce → reduction
-ment	develop → development, improve → improvement
-ance / -ence	appear → appearance, depend → dependence
-ity	able → ability, possible → possibility
-ness	aware → awareness, happy → happiness
-al	arrive → arrival, refuse → refusal
-ure	fail → failure, close → closure

Türkçeden farkı: Türkçe zaten isimleştirmeyi çok kullanır: "-me, -ma, -ış, -iş, -lık" ekleriyle "kararın açıklanması, fiyatların artışı". Bu yüzden Türkçe konuşanlar için bu yapı doğaldır. Dikkat edilecek nokta, isimden sonra gelen edatlardır: an increase in, a decrease in, a demand for, a solution to, an effect on.

Sık yapılan hatalar

Yanlış	Doğru	Neden
an increase of prices	an increase in prices	increase in.
the solution of the problem	the solution to the problem	solution to.
Their refusing to help	Their refusal to help	İsim: refusal.

Kendini dene

"The company expanded quickly." → "The company's rapid ___ ..."

Seçenekler: expanding / expansion / expand

Cevap: expansion. İsim: expansion.

"People are aware of the problem." → There is growing ___ of the problem.

Seçenekler: awareness / aware / awaring

Cevap: awareness. -ness.

There has been a sharp decrease ___ unemployment.

Seçenekler: of / in / at

Cevap: in. decrease in.

"He arrived late, which annoyed everyone." → His late ___ annoyed everyone.

Seçenekler: arriving / arrival / arrive

Cevap: arrival. -al.

We need to find a solution ___ this problem.

Seçenekler: for / to / of

Cevap: to. solution to.

Bu konunun bütün alıştırmaları, aralıklı tekrarı ve ilerleme takibi uygulamada.

Alıştırmaları çöz