Advanced past modals

İleri geçmiş modallar · C1 İleri seviye İngilizce dilbilgisi

would have, could have been -ing

B2'de must / can't / might have + V3 ve should / could have + V3'ü gördük. C1'de geçmiş modalların ince anlamlarına bakıyoruz.

Yapı	Anlam	Örnek
would have + V3	gerçekleşmeyen geçmiş sonuç, varsayım	I would have helped, but nobody asked me.
could / might have been + -ing	geçmişte süren olası eylem	He might have been joking.
may well have + V3	büyük olasılıkla oldu	She may well have forgotten.
must have been + -ing	geçmişte süren eylem (çıkarım)	You must have been waiting for ages.
was / were to have + V3	gerçekleşmeyen plan (resmî)	The minister was to have opened the bridge, but he fell ill.

might as well / may as well

might / may as well + fiil: "-se iyi olur, başka seçenek yok, neden olmasın": The bus isn't coming. We might as well walk. Geçmişte: We might as well have stayed at home. (Evde kalsak da olurmuş; gitmenin anlamı yoktu.)

needn't have ve didn't need to (tekrar)

needn't have + V3: yaptın ama gerek yoktu. Resmî karşılığı: there was no need to... Ayrıca could have + V3 eleştiri bildirir: You could have told me! ve şaşkınlık: I could have sworn I locked the door. (Kapıyı kilitlediğime yemin edebilirdim.)

Türkçeden farkı: Türkçedeki "-ebilirdim, -ecektim, -miş olabilir, -se de olurmuş" yapıları bu modallara karşılık gelir: "Evde kalsak da olurmuş" = We might as well have stayed at home. Bu modallar konuşmada kısaltılır: would've, could've, might've; yazıda "would of" gibi hatalara dikkat (yanlıştır).

Sık yapılan hatalar

Yanlış	Doğru	Neden
I would of helped.	I would have helped.	have, of değil.
She may well forgot.	She may well have forgotten.	may well have + V3.
We might as well to leave.	We might as well leave.	might as well + yalın fiil.

Kendini dene

He didn't mean it. He ___ been joking.

Seçenekler: must have / should have / would have

Cevap: must have. Çıkarım, süren eylem.

There's nothing on TV. We ___ go to bed.

Seçenekler: might as well / should have / must

Cevap: might as well. might as well.

He ___ been sleeping when you called. That's why he didn't answer.

Seçenekler: might have / would have / should have

Cevap: might have. Olası süren eylem.

The concert ___ to have taken place yesterday, but it was cancelled.

Seçenekler: was / would / had

Cevap: was. was to have.

I ___ sworn I saw her at the station.

Seçenekler: could have / should have / must

Cevap: could have. could have sworn.

Bu konunun bütün alıştırmaları, aralıklı tekrarı ve ilerleme takibi uygulamada.

Alıştırmaları çöz